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2-7
Chapter 2 Introduction
Tips!
Principles of Operation
Medical ultrasound images are created by computer and digital memory from the transmission
and reception of mechanical high-frequency waves applied through a probe. The mechanical
ultrasound waves spread through the body, producing an echo where density changes occur.
For example, in the case of tissue, an echo is created where a signal passes from an adipose tissue
region to a muscular tissue region. The echoes return to the probe where they are converted back
into electrical signals.
These echo signals are highly amplified and processed by analog and digital circuits having filters
with many frequency and time response options, transforming the high-frequency electrical signals
into a series of digital image signals which are stored in memory. Once in memory, the image can
be displayed in real-time on the image monitor. All signal transmission, reception and processing
characteristics are controlled by computer.
- Volume 1 1
- WARRANTY 3
- Safety Requirements 9
- Declarations: 10
- Read This First 11
- If You Need Assistance 12
- Revision History 13
- Table of Contents – Volume 1 15
- Chapter 3 Starting Diagnosis 16
- Chapter1 19
- Indication for Use 21
- Safety Sign 22
- Chapter 1 Safety 23
- Electrical Safety 26
- ECG-Related Information 28
- Mechanical Safety 37
- Precautions on Ramps 38
- Safety Note 38
- Safety Note for Monitor 39
- Biological Safety 41
- Applying ALARA 42
- Direct Controls 42
- Indirect Controls 43
- Additional Considerations 44
- Output Display Features 44
- Mechanical Index (MI) Display 45
- Thermal Index (TI) Display 45
- 2D-mode Controls 47
- Color and Power Controls 48
- M-mode and Doppler Controls 48
- Sample Volume Depth 49
- Application 49
- Related Guidance Documents 50
- Systematic Uncertainties 53
- Training 54
- Environmental Protection 55
- Introduction 57
- Specifications 59
- Product Configuration 61
- Chapter 2 Introduction 63
- Monitor Display 64
- Title Area 65
- Image Area 65
- Thumbnail Area 65
- User Information Area 65
- Control Panel 66
- Keyboard 69
- Touch-Screen 70
- Adjusting the Control Panel 71
- Rear Panel 72
- Power Connection Part 73
- Probe Holder 73
- N N 74
- Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) 75
- Video Page printer 75
- USB Video printer 75
- USB to RS-232C Serial Cable 75
- Foot Switch 76
- Connecting probes 77
- Accessories 78
- Optional Functions 79
- Starting Diagnosis 81
- Power Supply 83
- Probes & Applications 84
- Renaming a Userset 85
- Patient Information 86
- Representation 87
- Accession 88
- General 89
- Diag. Physician 90
- Ref. Physician 90
- Sonographer 90
- Description 90
- LMP (Last Menstrual Period) 91
- GA (LMP) 91
- EDD (LMP) 91
- Estab.Due Date 91
- Ovul. Date 91
- Gynecology 93
- Adult Echo 93
- Ped Echo 94
- Fetal Heart 94
- Vascular 94
- Urology 95
- Finding Patient Information 96
- Worklist Search 97
- Managing Patient Exams 98
- Executing Exam 99
- Viewing Exam 100
- Deleting Exam 100
- Sending Exams via DICOM 101
- Printing Exams via DICOM 102
- Exporting Exam 102
- [Figure 3.18 Image Export] 103
- Backing up Exam 104
- Changing Measurements 105
- The View Screen 106
- Switch to the Insert screen 107
- Diagnosis Modes 109
- Chapter 4 110
- Information 111
- Basic Use 112
- Chapter 4 Diagnosis Modes 113
- Using Touch Screen Menu 114
- Basic Mode 115
- 2D Mode Menu 116
- Trapezoidal 117
- 2D/C Live 117
- Pulse Inversion 117
- Panoramic (Optional) 118
- Spatial Compound (Optional) 118
- SRF Index 119
- DynamicMR 119
- DMR+Index (Optional) 119
- Frequency 119
- Operation Manual 120
- Low MI Menu 123
- Panoramic (Optional) 124
- Reviewing a Panoramic Image 125
- M Mode Screen 128
- M Mode Menu 128
- M Edge Enhance 129
- Color Doppler Mode 130
- C Mode Screen 131
- C Mode Menu 132
- Line Density 134
- Power Doppler Mode 135
- PD Mode Screen 136
- PD Mode Menu 136
- PW Spectral Doppler Mode 138
- Sample Volume 139
- Adjusting Doppler Baseline 139
- HPRF (High PRF) Function 140
- Simultaneous 142
- Mean Trace 142
- Auto Clac 142
- AutoCalc Direction 143
- Spectrum Enhancement 143
- Spectrum Type 143
- CW Spectral Doppler Mode 144
- TDI Mode 146
- TDW Mode 147
- ElastoScan Mode 148
- Entering and Exiting E Mode 149
- E Mode Screen 149
- E Single Mode 150
- ROI Mode 150
- Scanning 151
- Prostate 152
- Screen Layout 153
- E Mode menu 153
- Contrast 154
- Enhancement 154
- Color Map Index 154
- Blending Level 154
- Persistence Level 154
- Combined Mode 155
- 2D/C/M Mode 156
- 2D/C Live Mode 156
- 2D/TDI/TDW 156
- Changing menu 157
- Multi-Image Mode 158
- Quad Mode 159
- 3D/4D Mode 160
- 3D Mode 161
- 4D Mode (Optional) 162
- Acquiring 3D/4D Images 163
- 3D Stand By 164
- Rendering preset 165
- Auto ROI 165
- Curved ROI 166
- Scan Quality 166
- Scan Angle 166
- Scan Time 167
- Trimester 167
- 3D View - MPR 168
- Touch Screen Layout 169
- Post Gain 170
- Zooming In/Out Image 170
- Ref. Slice 170
- Entering Indicator 172
- Saving Image 172
- Display Format 173
- Ref. Image 174
- 3D Rotation 174
- Position 175
- Transparency 176
- DynamicMR (Option) 176
- HDVI (Option) 176
- HDVI Index 176
- HDVI Type 177
- VOCAL Dene 180
- Step Angle 181
- VOCAL Edit 182
- Shell Thick 183
- Image Position 183
- Multi Edit 183
- Clear Contour 183
- New Contour 183
- Accept Contour 184
- VOCAL Edit 185
- Histogram 186
- MSV Screen 189
- Selected Slice 191
- Slice Thick 191
- Oblique View 192
- Oblique View Screen 193
- Cut Type 194
- Image Rotation 195
- Clear Line 195
- Plumb Size 195
- Rotate Line 196
- OVIX Thick 197
- XI VOCAL 198
- XI VOCAL Dene 199
- Contour Type 200
- Slice Direction 200
- # of Slice 201
- XI VOCAL Edit 202
- Ref. Page 203
- 4D Mode Screen 205
- Acquiring XI STIC Image 207
- Reviewing XI STIC Image 208
- Speed (%) 208
- Volume Pos 209
- 3D Utility Menu 210
- Trackball State 211
- Auto Run 213
- 3D Cine Dene 214
- End Angle 215
- Play Mode 215
- 3D Cine Review 216
- New Cine 217
- Cine Speed 217
- Cine Frame 217
- MagiCut 218
- SmoothCut Mode 219
- Orientation Dot 220
- Auto Contour 220
- Contour Edit 221
- Render Setup 221
- Render Direction 222
- Render Mode 1, 2 222
- Th.High 222
- Th.Power 223
- Transparent-Transparent 224
- Transparent-Surface 224
- Max-Transparent 224
- Max-Surface 224
- Inversion 224
- Post Processing 225
- Gradient Mask 226
- Flip Image 226
- Processing 227
- Load Preset 228
- Save Preset 228
- Rename Preset 228
- 4D Cine 229
- Image Pos 230
- Volume Pos 230
- Volume Slice 231
- Ref. Image 232
- 3D Rotation 232
- Slice Thick 232
- Selected Slice 232
- VolumeNT 233
- NT Caliper Placement 234
- Volume CT 237
- Cross Volume CT 238
- Boundary 239
- Measurements and 241
- Calculations 241
- Chapter 5 242
- Measurement Accuracy 243
- Ultrasound Velocity 244
- Doppler Signal Adjustment 244
- Aliasing 244
- Calculation Equation 244
- Human Error 244
- 2D Mode 245
- Doppler Mode 245
- Color/Power Doppler Mode 246
- Cursor Position 246
- Measurement Accuracy Table 247
- Basic Measurements 248
- Basic Measurement Operations 249
- Deleting measurement results 250
- Printing measurement results 250
- Exiting basic measurements 250
- Distance Measurement 251
- 3 Points Angle 252
- 2 Lines Angle 252
- M Distance 253
- D Velocity 253
- Manual Trace 255
- Limited Trace 256
- Auto Trace 257
- Ellipse 258
- Area Trace 258
- Volume Measurement 260
- 1 Distance Vol 261
- Ellipse Vol 261
- Dist. + Ellipse Vol 262
- Calculations by Application 263
- Common Measurement Methods 266
- Limited Trace 267
- Manual Trace 268
- Itemized Measurement 268
- Volume Flow Measurement 269
- Stenosis Measurement 270
- Heart Rate Measurement 270
- OB Calculations 271
- Early OB Measurement Menu 272
- Measurement 273
- Item Mode Method Unit 273
- Automatic Calculation 274
- General OB Measurement Menu 275
- AFI (Amniotic Fluid Index) 279
- How to measure 280
- See following table; 281
- Gynecology Calculations 283
- Cardiac Calculations 286
- Ped Echo Measurement Menu 299
- Vascular Calculations 304
- Auto IMT (Optional) 308
- Auto IMT Screen 308
- Measure Result Table 309
- Auto IMT Measurement 310
- Framingham / CHD 311
- Risk Factor 311
- Normal IMT 311
- UE Artery Measurement Menu 312
- LE Artery Measurement Menu 316
- UE Vein Measurement Menu 323
- LE Vein Measurement Menu 326
- Fetal Heart Calculations 329
- Urology Calculations 335
- 3Distance 336
- 3 Distance * Factor 337
- Ellipsoid 338
- Sum of 20 Disks 339
- Abdomen Calculations 340
- Small Parts Calculations 344
- Breast Measurement Menu 346
- Testicle Measurement Menu 347
- Supercial Measurement Menu 349
- TCD Calculations 351
- Pediatric Hips Calculations 355
- Measurement Methods 356
- Musculoskeletal Calculations 357
- Viewing Report 358
- Zoom / Fit 359
- Report For Echo paper 359
- Video Out Mode 359
- Editing Report 360
- Modify Measurements 361
- Measurement Display Method 361
- Adding Comment 362
- Printing Report 363
- Saving Report 363
- Transferring Report 364
- Store SR 364
- Edit Template 365
- Insert Image 367
- Stress Echo Report 368
- [Figure 5.35 Graph] 369
- Select Graph 370
- Display Graph 370
- History 370
- [Figure 5.36 History] 371
- Fetal Description 374
- Closing Report 374
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