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5-5
Chapter 5 Measurements and Calculations
Optimization of Measurement Accuracy
2D Mode
▶
Resolution is in proportion to the frequency of the probe.
▶
Penetration is in inverse proportion to the frequency of the probe.
▶
The highest resolution can be obtained at the focus of the probe where the ultrasound beam is
narrowest.
▶
The most accurate measurements can be obtained at the focus depth. The accuracy decreases as the
distance from the focus increases, widening the beam width.
▶
Using the zoom function or minimizing the depth display makes distance or area measurements
more accurate.
M Mode
▶
The accuracy of time measurements can be increased when the speed and the display format are set
to high values.
▶
The accuracy of distance measurements can be increased when the display format is set to higher
values.
Doppler Mode
▶
It is recommended to use lower frequency ultrasound for measurement of faster blood ows.
▶
The size of the sample volume is limited by the axial direction of the ultrasound.
▶
Using lower frequency ultrasound increases penetration.
▶
The accuracy of time measurements can be increased when the speed is increased.
▶
The accuracy of velocity measurements can be increased when the vertical scale is set to smaller
values.
▶
It is most important to use an optimal Doppler angle to enhance the accuracy of velocity
measurements.
Color/Power Doppler Mode
▶
A protocol is not specied for images in Color Doppler Mode or Power Doppler Mode. Therefore, the
same limitations imposed when measurements are taken in B/W images apply to the accuracy of the
measurements taken in these modes.
- Volume 1 1
- WARRANTY 2
- Safety Requirements 8
- Declarations: 9
- Read This First 10
- If You Need Assistance 11
- Revision History 12
- Table of Contents – Volume 1 13
- Chapter3 Starting Diagnosis 14
- Chapter4 Diagnosis Modes 14
- Table of Contents 15
- ** Reference Manual 16
- Chapter1 17
- Indication for Use 19
- Safety Signs 20
- Chapter 1 Safety 21
- Electrical Safety 24
- ECG-Related Information 26
- Mechanical Safety 34
- Safety Note 35
- Biological Safety 36
- Applying ALARA 37
- Direct Controls 37
- Indirect Controls 38
- Additional Considerations 39
- Output Display Features 39
- Mechanical Index (MI) Display 40
- Thermal Index (TI) Display 40
- 2D-mode Controls 42
- Color and Power Controls 42
- M mode and Doppler Controls 43
- Related Guidance Documents 44
- Systematic Uncertainties 47
- Training 48
- Environmental Protection 49
- Introduction 51
- Specications 53
- Chapter 2 Introduction 55
- Monitor 59
- Image Area 60
- Thumbnails Area 60
- User Information Area 60
- Soft Menu 60
- Control Panel 61
- Keyboard 65
- Adjusting Control Panel 66
- Rear Panel 67
- Power Connection Part 68
- Probe Holder 68
- N N 69
- External Peripheral Devices 70
- USB to RS-232C Serial Cable 71
- USB Foot Switch 71
- Accessories 73
- Optional Functions 74
- Starting Diagnosis 75
- Power Supply 77
- Probes & Applications 78
- Changing Application 79
- Editing Probe Preset Values 79
- Patient Information 81
- Accession 82
- Sonographer 84
- Description 84
- Indication 84
- LMP (Last Menstrual Period) 85
- GA (LMP) 85
- EDD (LMP) 85
- Estab. Due Date 85
- Gynecology 87
- Cardiac 87
- Urology 88
- Finding Patient Information 89
- Worklist Search 90
- Managing Patient Exams 91
- Viewing Exam 92
- Deleting Exam 92
- Sending Exams via DICOM 92
- Printing Exams via DICOM 93
- Exporting Exam 94
- Backing up Exam 95
- Changing Measurements 96
- The View Screen 97
- Diagnosis Modes 99
- Chapter 4 100
- Information 101
- Basic Use 102
- Using Soft Menu 103
- Basic Mode 104
- 2D Mode Soft Menu 105
- Read Zoom / Write Zoom 106
- Chapter 4 Diagnosis Modes 107
- Gray Map / L/R Flip 108
- Focus / U/D Flip 108
- Sector Width 108
- Frame Avg 108
- 2D Image Size 109
- Edge Enhance 109
- Pulse Inversion 109
- Frame Rate 110
- DynamicMR (Optional) 110
- Entering & Exiting M Mode 111
- M Mode Screen 112
- M Mode Soft Menu 112
- Color Doppler Mode 113
- C Mode Soft Menu 114
- Baseline / Filter 115
- Color Map 115
- Balance 115
- Color Format 115
- Color Mode 115
- Power Doppler Mode 116
- PD Mode Soft Menu 117
- PW Spectral Doppler Mode 118
- Sample Volume 119
- HPRF (High PRF) Function 119
- SV Size / Angle 120
- Auto Calc 120
- AutoCalc Direction 121
- Simultaneous 121
- Mean Trace 121
- Baseline 122
- CW Spectral Doppler Mode 123
- TDI Mode 124
- TDW Mode 125
- Combined Mode 126
- 2D/C/M Mode 127
- 2D/C Live Mode 127
- Multi-Image Mode 128
- Quad Mode 129
- 3D / 4D Mode 130
- 3D/4D Mode Screen 131
- 3D StandBy Mode 132
- View Mode 133
- Load Preset 133
- Scan Quality / Auto ROI 133
- Acquiring 3D Images 134
- 3D View-MPR 135
- Trackball Mode 136
- Moving Images 136
- Resizing ROI 136
- Entering Text and Indicator 137
- Saving and Printing 138
- Display 139
- Ref. Image 140
- 3D Orientation 140
- Auto Contour 140
- Operation Manual 142
- Cine Type 144
- Render Setup 146
- Render Mode 2 147
- TH. High 147
- 2D Palette 148
- 3D Palette 148
- MPR Mode Soft Menu 149
- 3D XI Mode (Optional) 151
- MSV Mode Menu 152
- Post Processing 153
- MSV Mode Soft Menu 154
- Oblique View 155
- Oblique View Mode Menu 157
- Oblique View Mode Soft Menu 158
- Volume CT Mode 159
- Cube Volume CT 160
- Select Surface 160
- Boundary 161
- Rotation 161
- Cross Volume CT 161
- Measurements and 163
- Calculations 163
- Chapter 5 164
- Measurement Accuracy 165
- Calculation Equation 166
- Human Error 166
- Doppler Signal Adjustment 166
- Aliasing 166
- Doppler Mode 167
- Color/Power Doppler Mode 167
- Cursor Position 168
- Measurement Accuracy Table 169
- PW/CW Spectral Doppler Mode 170
- Basic Measurements 171
- Cancel Measurement Results 172
- Delete Measurement Result 172
- Print Measurement Result 172
- Finish Basic Measurements 172
- Distance Measurement 173
- M Distance 174
- D Velocity 174
- Volume Measurement 179
- Distance + Ellipse 180
- Calculations by Application 182
- Measurement 183
- Common Measurement Methods 185
- Limited Trace 186
- Manual Trace 186
- Itemized Measurement 186
- Volume Flow Measurement 187
- Stenosis Measurement 188
- Heart Rate Measurement 188
- OB Calculation 189
- Measurement Menu 190
- Automatic Calculation 195
- AFI (Amniotic Fluid Index) 196
- How to measure 197
- Gynecology Calculation 198
- Cardiac Calculation 202
- Carotid Calculation 211
- Auto IMT Screen 216
- Measure Result Table 217
- Auto IMT Measurement 218
- Framingham 219
- Risk Factor 219
- Normal IMT 219
- Urology Calculation 220
- 3Distance 221
- 3 Distance * Factor 222
- Ellipsoid 222
- Sum of 20 Disks 223
- Fetal Echo Calculation 224
- LE Artery Calculation 228
- UE Artery 234
- Calculation 234
- LE Vein Calculation 237
- UE Vein Calculation 240
- Radiology Calculation 244
- TCD Calculation 248
- Thyroid Calculation 251
- Breast Calculation 252
- Testicle Calculation 254
- Supercial Calculation 255
- Pediatric Hips Calculation 256
- Type α β 257
- Musculoskeletal Calculation 258
- Viewing Report 259
- Editing Report 260
- Fetal Description 261
- Adding Comment 262
- Printing Report 262
- Saving Report 263
- Transferring Report 263
- Graph Function 264
- (m: Average 267
- : Standard Deviation)] 267
- Closing Report 268
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I want to learn how to do angle correction on PW Doppler on my machine.
How do I assess PW angle cursor?
I don't want to join the group.